Let's Take a Closer Look at Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which hemoglobin levels in red blood cells decrease, leading to a lack of oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin is responsible for delivering oxygen to all parts of the body, and when its concentration drops, it can result in symptoms like shortness of breath and dizziness.

Anemia can occur due to insufficient iron intake from restrictive diets or dieting, as well as from increased iron demands during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It can also be caused by other medical conditions or as a side effect of treatments.

Types of Anemia

There are various types of anemia:

• Iron Deficiency Anemia

This occurs when there is a shortage of iron needed to produce hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia accounts for 60-80% of all anemia cases.

• Aplastic Anemia

A designated rare disease where the bone marrow, responsible for blood production, fails to function properly. This leads to a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

• Megaloblastic Anemia

This type of anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid. It can result from a gastrectomy or excessive alcohol consumption.

• Hemolytic Anemia

Anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. This can cause the skin or eye conjunctiva to turn yellowish.

• Renal Anemia

Anemia resulting from impaired kidney function, which reduces the body’s ability to produce red blood cells.

Symptoms of Anemia

- Shortness of breath

- Dizziness or lightheadedness

- Fatigue

- Headaches

- Pale skin

- Angular cheilitis or glossitis (inflammation of the lips or tongue)

- Difficulty swallowing

In advanced cases, the conjunctiva of the eyes (mucous membrane under the eyelids) and nails may become pale, and nails may develop a spoon-like shape.

How to Prevent Anemia

• Eat Iron-Rich Foods

A balanced diet is crucial for preventing anemia. Regular meals with iron-rich foods are essential. Green and yellow vegetables, seafood, liver, clams, and high-quality protein sources are recommended.

• Avoid Foods High in Tannins and Fiber

Tannin-containing drinks like coffee or tea, as well as foods high in fiber, can inhibit iron absorption. It’s best to avoid them after meals or limit their intake.

Iron supplements containing heme iron are also effective if you need to boost iron intake outside of meals, as they are highly absorbable.

• Use Iron Cookware

Cooking with iron cookware can also help add iron to your diet naturally.

What to Do if You Develop Anemia

If you suddenly experience symptoms of anemia, there could be an underlying health issue, such as internal bleeding. If symptoms like frequent dizziness, shortness of breath, or palpitations occur, see a doctor as soon as possible. If you suddenly feel dizzy or lightheaded, sit or squat down to lower your position. Loosen tight clothing and rest until the symptoms subside.