Luteal Phase (Pre-Menstrual) Hormones

During the luteal phase, one of the two main female hormones, progesterone, is secreted in greater quantities. Progesterone, which starts being produced immediately after ovulation, is considered crucial for preparing for and supporting pregnancy.

The functions of progesterone include:

1. Basal Body Temperature Increase

Progesterone raises basal body temperature. This increase facilitates fertilization and implantation, while also enriching the blood reaching the uterus with essential nutrients.

2. Maintenance of the Uterine Lining

The uterine lining is essential for pregnancy. Although it is only a few millimeters thick during the follicular phase right after menstruation, it thickens to 10–15mm after ovulation. While estrogen is responsible for thickening the lining, progesterone plays a key role in maintaining this thickness.

3. Development of Mammary Glands

Progesterone, along with estrogen, stimulates the development of mammary glands, preparing the body for pregnancy and post-birth.

However, progesterone can also have some unfavorable effects. Many women may experience physical or emotional discomfort before menstruation, possibly related to PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) or PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder).

Some common symptoms include:

1. Drowsiness and Fatigue

As progesterone increases body temperature to prepare the body for pregnancy, this rise may lead to drowsiness and fatigue.

2. Emotional Instability

Emotional changes, such as mood swings or irritability, occur due to the significant shifts in estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the luteal phase.

3. Physical Discomfort

Hormonal fluctuations can lead to physical discomfort, further influenced by increased body temperature.

4. Skin Issues

Progesterone increases sebum production and melanin generation, which can lead to oily skin, acne, and breakouts.

While progesterone may have some negative effects, insufficient levels can make normal pregnancy challenging. In such cases, hormone therapy can be administered by a gynecologist.

To help minimize the impact of progesterone, a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and regular exercise are essential. Prioritizing a healthy, consistent daily routine can make a significant difference.