Hormones During the Luteal Phase for Conception

Female Hormones in the Luteal Phase

The luteal phase refers to the period between ovulation and the start of menstruation. After ovulation, the follicle that housed the egg becomes empty and transforms into what is called the corpus luteum. During this phase, the female hormone progesterone becomes the dominant hormone. Progesterone production begins midway through the follicular phase, but in the luteal phase, its levels surpass those of estrogen. This increase in progesterone leads to various changes in the body.

Physical Changes During the Luteal Phase

• Increase in Basal Body Temperature

Basal body temperature (BBT) is the body temperature measured at rest, when minimal energy is being used for basic bodily functions.

BBT can be measured in the morning before any activity. It typically shows two phases: a low phase and a high phase. When menstruation starts, BBT decreases and remains low for around two weeks. After ovulation, BBT rises and stays elevated for approximately two weeks until the next menstruation. During the luteal phase, some people may feel warmer or experience sensations of warmth due to this temperature increase.

• Changes in Vaginal Discharge

Progesterone alters the quality and quantity of cervical mucus produced by the cervix. Before ovulation, discharge is thin and abundant, but in the luteal phase, it becomes thicker, white, and less in quantity. While this might make laundry a bit challenging, these changes indicate that progesterone is being secreted normally.

• Increased Water Retention

Due to progesterone, the body retains more water in the luteal phase, making this a time when swelling is common. Some may experience swollen hands or feet or a sudden increase in weight. Additionally, breast tenderness and pain can occur, which is also attributed to the effects of progesterone. Some people may find their bra size increases temporarily during this time, so it may be best to avoid purchasing new undergarments or clothes.

Methods for Balancing Hormones

While these symptoms can be uncomfortable, they indicate that progesterone is being secreted as it should. It’s important to avoid factors that could further disrupt hormones, as this can worsen symptoms. Here are some ways to support hormonal balance.

• Minimize Stress

Hormones are primarily released in response to signals from the brain, which is very sensitive to stress. When our bodies perceive danger, defense mechanisms are activated to protect us. Stress may also signal perceived threats to the brain. The uterus is particularly susceptible to this defense mechanism. When the brain perceives the body as endangered, it prioritizes the protection of vital organs and functions, often deprioritizing the uterus. In such cases, it may determine that it is “not an ideal time for pregnancy,” which can lead to a decrease in female hormone production.

• Consume a Balanced Diet

Strive for three balanced meals a day. A recommended nutrient for hormonal support is soy isoflavones, as they mimic the effects of female hormones. Common sources include natto, soy milk, fried tofu, kinako, and miso. If it is difficult to maintain balanced meals three times a day, supplements can be an effective alternative. Consider combining food sources with supplements for the best results.

• Engage in Stress-Relieving Activities

Rather than focusing on methods to relieve stress, incorporate activities that genuinely bring you joy. This helps prevent the buildup of stress over time. Keeping a healthy distance from stressors and making self-compassionate choices is also important.

• Allow Yourself to Cry

If stress has accumulated to a point where it feels overwhelming, it’s recommended to let yourself cry. Crying helps lower cortisol levels, a hormone associated with stress that negatively affects mental and physical health. Crying acts as a detox, helping to expel stress hormones from the body. The body also contains manganese, an element essential for energy production. High manganese levels can increase irritability and anxiety, and excessive accumulation has been linked to a higher risk of depression. Like cortisol, manganese can also be released through tears, making it important to let out feelings rather than suppress them.