Ovulation Phase Hormones

Estrogen is an essential hormone for women, particularly in pregnancy and childbirth. During the follicular phase, estrogen levels peak. This hormone plays a crucial role not only for women who are pregnant or planning to conceive but also in regulating the menstrual cycle.

What is Ovulation?

Ovulation is the process where the brain releases a surge of the hormone luteinizing hormone (LH), which signals the follicle in the ovary (grown to around 18–20mm) to release the egg. Within approximately 40 hours, the follicle wall ruptures, releasing the egg.

During ovulation, some women may experience mild abdominal pain lasting a few hours, which can be attributed to three main factors:

1. Ovarian Swelling

As the follicle matures within the ovary, the ovary itself may swell, which can lead to pain.

2. Pain During Ovulation

Pain may occur as the follicle wall breaks and releases the egg.

3. Post-Ovulation Pain from Bleeding

Small injuries to the ovary during ovulation, along with hormonal imbalances, can lead to bleeding, which may cause pain.

The Benefits of Estrogen During the Ovulation Phase

Estrogen, which is abundant during the ovulation phase, offers several benefits:

• Shapes a rounded, feminine body

• Thickens the uterine lining to support implantation of a fertilized egg

• Enhances cervical mucus production, facilitating sperm entry into the uterus

• Supports bone formation and reduces blood vessel constriction

• Improves skin and hair quality

After menstruation, estrogen levels begin to rise, peaking just before ovulation. Estrogen’s role in thickening the uterine lining is essential, preparing the body for potential implantation and pregnancy should fertilization occur.

Maximizing Estrogen Function as it Declines with Age

Although estrogen levels decline with age, its effects can be maximized through certain measures:

1. Intake of Soy Isoflavones

The molecular structure of soy isoflavones is similar to that of estrogen, allowing it to mimic estrogen’s effects. Soy isoflavones are abundant in soy products like natto, tofu, and miso, so incorporating these into daily meals is recommended.

2. Estrogen Through Hormone Therapy or Supplements

Estrogen can also be taken through hormone therapy or supplements. However, excessive estrogen intake may cause the uterine lining to continue thickening, which could increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Always read the instructions carefully when using supplements, and consult with an obstetrician-gynecologist if considering hormone therapy.